1 فَضَلَ ذ , aor. فَضُلَ ; and فَضِلَ , aor. فَضِلَ ; and فَضِلَ , aor. فَضُلَ ; three syn. dial. vars.; (S, O, Msb, K;) the second mentioned by ISk; and the third [said to be] anomalous and unparalleled; (S, O;) [but] it is a compound of two thereof, (S, O, Msb, K,) accord. to the companions of Sb, (S, O,) i. e. a compound of the second and the third, (K,) like نَعِمَ having for its aor. يَنْعُمُ , (Sb, S, O, Msb,) and نَكِلَ , aor. يَنْكُلُ , [but this I do not find in its proper art.,] and حَضِرَ , aor. يَحْضُرُ , [but this is disallowed by some,] and فَرِغَ , aor. يَفْرُغُ , among perfect verbs, (Msb,) and مِتَّ , aor. تَمُوتُ , and دِمْتَ , aor. تَدُومُ , (Sb, S, O, Msb,) and كِدْتَ , aor. تَكُودُ ; (Sb, S;) inf. n. فَضْلٌ : (S, * O, * Msb, K: *) all signify It exceeded; or was, or became, redundant, or superfluous; [syn. زَادَ ;] being used in relation to الفَضْلُ (K, MF, TA) meaning الزِّيَادَةُ , as Ibn-Es-Seed says, (MF, TA,) [i. e.] as meaning the contr. of النَّقْصُ : (K, TA:) or the first of the three, i. e. فضَلَ , aor. فَضُلَ , inf. n. فَضْلٌ , signifies thus, i. q. زَادَ , (Msb,) and فُضْلٌ and فُضُلٌ are also inf. ns. [of the same, i. e.] signifying زِيَادَةٌ , as in the saying, in a trad., accord. to different relaters, إِنَّ لِلّٰهِ مَلَائِكَةً سَيَّارَةً فُضْلًا عَلَى المَلَائِكَةِ المُرَتَّبِينَ مَعَ الخَلَائِقِ and فُضُلًا [i. e. Verily to God belong angels who occupy themselves in ranging about, in addition to the angels who are stationed among the created, or human and other, beings ]: (TA:) and all the three dial. vars. mentioned above signify it remained [of a greater quantity or number]; syn. بَقِىَ ; (S, * O, * Msb;) you say, فَضَلَ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ , aor. فَضُلَ ; and فَضِلَ , aor. فَضَلَ ; and فَضِلَ , aor. فَضُلَ ; somewhat remained thereof: (S, O:) or from الفَضْلُ as meaning البَقِيَّةُ , you say فَضَلَ like نَصَرَ , [i. e. aor. فَضُلَ ,] and فَضِلَ like حَسِبَ , [implying that the aor. is فَضَلَ and فَضِلَ ,] (K,) [accord. to the TK mea

2 فضّلهُ ذ (K, TA) عَلَى غَيْرِهِ , (TA,) inf. n. تَفْضِيلٌ , i. q. مَزَّاهُ , (K, TA,) i. e. He attributed to him an excellence distinguishing him from [or above ] another, or others: (TA:) or فَضَّلْتُهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ , inf. n. as above, I judged him (S, O, Msb, * TA) to be more excellent than another, or others: (S, * O, * Msb, TA: *) or I made him (S, O, Msb, * TA) to be so. (S, * O, * Msb, TA.) وَفَضَّلْنَاهُمْ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ خَلَقْنَا , in the Kur [xvii. 72, i. e. And we have made them to excel many of those that we have created ], has been expl. as meaning that the excellence of the son of Adam consists in his walking erect, whereas the beasts, the camels and the asses and the like, walk pronely; and the son of Adam takes food with his hands, whereas the other animals take it with the mouth. (TA.) And وَٱللّٰهُ فَضَّلَ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ , in the Kur [xvi. 73, i. e. And God hath made some of you to excel some others], means, in ability, and wealth, and rank or station, and power; which are excellences that may be acquired. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And you say, فضّلهُ بِهِ , meaning خَصَّهُ [i. e. He distinguished him particularly, peculiarly, or specially, by it, namely, a thing]. (A and K in art. خص .) And فضّل فِى العَطَآءِ He gave to some more than to others. (S in art. افق .) -b2- [An explanation of فضّل given by Golius, as on the authority of the K, (“ i. q. وسخ , Sordibus infecit, vel pro sordida habuit, quotidianam vestem, ”) is a strange mistake; app. caused by his finding in a copy of the K التَّفْضِيلُ التَّوْسِيخُ instead of التَّفَضُّلُ التَّوَشُّحُ : see 5. -b3- اِسْمُ التَّفْضِيلِ The noun of the attribution of excess or excellence is a term applied to the comparative and superlative noun or epithet; also called أَفْعَلُ التَّفْضِيلِ , because it is regularly of the measure أَفْعَلُ : see exs. voce خَيْرٌ .]

3 الفِضَالُ ذ [and المُفَاضَلَةُ inf. ns. of فَاضَلَ ] and [inf. n. of 6 (of which see an ex. in art. سوى , conj. 6,)] signify التَّمَازِى فِى الفَضْلِ [i. e. The contending for superiority in excellence ]; (K, * TA;) التَّمَازِى being of the measure تَفَاعُل from المَزِيَّةُ . (TA.) And you say, فَاضَلْتُهُ , (S, O, K, * in the last فَاضَلَنِى ,) aor. of the latter فَضُلَ , (TA,) inf. n. فَضْلٌ , (O, TA,) I contended with him for superiority, or vied with him, in excel-lence, (O, TA,) and I surpassed him, or outvied him, therein. (S, O, K, TA.) -b2- And فاضل بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ [app. He made the relation between the two things to be unequal in respect of excellence; i. e. he made the two things to be unequal, or unlike each other, in excellence; contr. of سَاوَى بَيْنَهُمَا : see also 6]. (TA.)

4 افضل فِى تِجَارَتِهِ ذ He gained; or made gain, or profit; in his traffic; syn. رَبِحَ . (Az and Msb in art. ربح .) -b2- عَنْهُ [and عَنْهُ , aor. فَضُلَ , inf. n. فَضْلٌ , (see فَضْلٌ below, last signification, and see also فَاضِلٌ ,)] It exceeded it. (K, TA. [See also 1, latter half.]) Ows says, describing a bow, كَقَوْسٍ طِلَاعِ الكَفِّ لَا دُونَ مِلْئِهَا وَلَا عَجْسُهَا عَنْ مَوْضِعِ الكَفِّ أَفْضَلَا [ Like a bow of which the part that is grasped is sufficient in size for the filling of the hand, not less than suffices to fill it, nor does the part that is grasped thereof extend beyond the place of the hand: the pret. being here used for the aor. to suit the metre]. (TA. [But my original has كَقَوْمٍ , an evident mistranscription.]) -b3- افضل عَلَيْهِ : see 5, in two places. -A2- أَفْضَلْتُ مِنْهُ الشَّىْءَ and signify the same, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. I left of it the thing remaining, or redundant. (O, TA.)

5 تفضّل عَلَيْهِ ذ [in the CK (erroneously) فَضَّلَ ] i. q. تَمَزَّى , (K, TA,) both of which signify He thought himself to be superior to him in excellence; (TA in art. مزو ;) whence the saying in the Kur [xxiii. 24], يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَفَضَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ , meaning He desireth that he may have superiority over you in rank and station: (TA in the present art.) or i. q. عليه , (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. إِفْضَالٌ , (Msb, TA,) i. e. he bestowed, or conferred, a benefit, or benefits, upon him, syn. أَحْسَنَ , (S, TA,) or تَطَوَّلَ , (K, TA,) and gave him of his bounty: (TA:) [and each, followed by بِشَىْءٍ , he presented him, or favoured him, with a thing: ] or تفضّل signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (S,) he laid claim to superiority of excellence over his equals, or fellows; (S, K;) whence [accord. to some] the saying in the Kur quoted above: (S:) and [you say] عَلَيْهِ فِى الحَسَبِ , (K, TA,) meaning he became possessed of eminence. [or superiority, over him, in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour, ] as in a verse of Dhu-l-Isba' cited voce عَنْ , [q. v., p. 2164,] ending with فَتَخْزُوْنِى for فَتَخْزُوَنِى , [which latter reading I have there given,] because the rhyme of the whole ode requires the former. (TA.) -A2- التَّفَضُّلُ also signifies التَّوَشُّحُ [generally meaning The throwing a portion of one's garment over his left shoulder, and drawing its extremity under his right arm, and tying the two extremities together in a knot upon his bosom ]: and the putting, or disposing, the extremities of his two garments, or pieces of cloth, contrariwise, or in contrary directions, upon his عَاتِق [or part between the shoulder and the neck ]. (K, TA: but in the former, عَلَى عَاتِقَيْهِ is erroneously put for على عَاتِقِهِ . TA.) -b2- And تَفَضَّلَتْ said of a woman in her tent or chamber or house, She was in a single garment; (S, O, TA;) [ she wore a single garment; ] such as is termed مِفْضَلٌ [q. v.]: (S, TA:) or she (a woman) wore the garments of her servic