1 كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ ذ , (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c,) aor., in the sense first explained below كَفِرَ , (S, K, &c.;) [respecting which Fei observes,] ElFárábee, whom J follows, says that it is like يَضْرِبُ , but in a trustworthy copy of the T it is written كَفُرَ , and this is the proper form, because they say that كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ [of which the aor. is كَفُرَ ] is borrowed from كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ in the sense which is first explained below; (Msb;) and MF says, that the saying of J, following his maternal uncle Aboo-Nasr El-Fárábee, that the aor. of this verb is كَفِرَ , is doubtless a mistake; but to this, [says SM,] I reply, that it is correctly كَفِرَ , as J and F and other leading lexicologists have said; though the aor. of the verb of كُفْرٌ as meaning the contr. of إِيْمَانٌ is كَفُرَ ; (TA;) [or, if this latter verb be taken from the former, the aor. of the former may have been originally كَفِرَ and كَفُرَ , and general usage may have afterwards applied the aor. كَفِرَ to one signification, while the aor. كَفُرَ has been applied by very few persons to that signification, but by all to the significations thence derived;] inf. n. كَفْرٌ ; (S, Msb;) and , (A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ ; (TA;) He veiled, concealed, hid, or covered, the thing: (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb, K: *) or he covered the thing so as to destroy it: (Az, TA:) and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ , aor. [and inf. n.] as above, he covered it; covered it over. (K,) You say كَفَرَ البَذْرَ ٱلْمَبْذُورَ He covered the sown seed with earth. (TA.) And كَفَرَ السَّحَابُ السَّمَآءَ The clouds covered the sky. (A.) Lebeed says, فِى لَيْلَةٍ كَفَرَ النُّجُومَ غَمَامُهَا In a night whereof the clouds that covered the sky concealed the stars. (Msb.) You say also كَفَرَهُ اللَّيْلُ , and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ , The night covered it with its blackness. (TA.) And كَفَرَتِ الرِّيحُ الرَّسْمَ The wind covered the trace or mark [with dust.] (A.) And كَفَرَ فَوْقَ دِرْعِهِ He clad himself with a garment over his coat of mail. And دِرْعَهُ بِثَو

2 كفّرهُ ذ , inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ : see 1, first signification, in three places. -A2- Hence, كَفَّرَ الذَّنْبَ It (war in the cause of God [or the like]) covered, or concealed, the crime or sin: (Mgh:) (or expiated it: or annulled it; for] تكفير with respect to acts of disobedience is like إِحْبَاطٌ with respect to reward. (S, K.) The saying in the Kur [v. 70.] لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ means, We would cover, or conceal, their sins, so that they should become as though they had not been: or it may mean, We would do away with their sins; as is indicated by another saying in the Kur [xi. 116,] “ good actions do away with sins. ” (El-Basáïr.) كَفَّرَ ٱللّٰهُ عَنْهُ الذَّنْبَ signifies God effaced his sin. (Msb.) -b2- And كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ [ He expiated his oath; ] he performed, (Msb,) or gave, (K,) what is termed كَفَّارَة [i. e. a fast, or alms, for the expiation of his oath ]: (Msb, K:) تَكْفِيرٌ of an oath is the doing what is incumbent, or obligatory, for the violation, or breaking, thereof: (S:) كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ is a vulgar phrase. (Mgh.) -A3- كَفَّرَهُ as syn. with أَكْفَرَهُ : see 4. -A4- كَفَّرَ لَهُ , inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ , (A, Mgh, TA,) He did obeisance to him, lowering his head, or bowing, and bending himself, and putting his hand upon his breast: (Mgh:) or put his hand upon his breast and bent himself down to him: (TA:) or he made a sign of humbling himself to him; did obeisance to him: (A:) namely, an عِلْج [or unbeliever of the Persians or other foreigners] (A, Mgh) or a ذِمِّىّ [or free non- Muslim subject of a Muslim government, i. e., a Christian, a Jew, or a Sabian] (Mgh) to the king; (A, Mgh;) or a slave to his master, or to his دِهْقَان [or chief]: (TA:) and , [aor. كَفُرَ , accord. to the rule of of the K,] (TK,) inf. n. كَفْرٌ , (K,) he (a Persian, فَارِسِىٌّ , K, and so in the L and other lexicons, but in the TS فَارِس , without ى , which is probably a mistake of copyists, TA) paid honour to his king, (K, TA,) by making a sing with his

3 كَافَرَنِى حَقِّى ذ He denied, or disacknowledged, to me my right, or just claim. (A, Mgh, K.) Hence the saying of 'Ámir, إِذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ القَاضِى بِشَىْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ [ When he confesses a thing in the presence of the Kádee, then denies, or disacknowledges: كَافَرَ being thus used in the sense of كَفَرَ ]. But as to the saying of Mohammad [the lawyer], رجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ [ A man who owed to another a debt, and denied to him, in the case of it, for years ], he seems to have made it imply the meaning of المُمَاطَلَة , and therefore to have made it trans. in the same manner as المماطلة is trans. (Mgh.)

4 اكفرهُ ذ , (S, A, Mgh, K,) and , (A, Mgh, Msb,) [the latter of which is the more common in the present day,] He called him a كَافِر [i. e. a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel ]: (S, Mgh, K:) he attributed, or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, disbelief, or infidelity: (S, A, Msb:) or he said to him كَفَرْتَ [ Thou hast become an unbeliever, or infidel, or Thou hast blasphemed: in this last sense, “ he said to him Thou hast blasphemed, ” كفّرهُ , to which alone it is assigned in the Msb, is very commonly used in the present day]. (Msb.) Hence the saying, لَا تُكْفِرْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ قِبْلَتِكَ Do not thou attribute or impute disbelief or infidelity to any one of the people of thy kibleh; (S, TA;) i. e., do not thou call any such a disbeliever, &c.; or do not thou make him such by thine assertion and thy saying. (TA.) لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ is not authorized by the relation, though it be allowable as a dial. form. (Mgh.) -b2- [Also] أَكْفَرْتُهُ , inf. n. إِكْفَارٌ , I made him a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel; I compelled him to become a disbeliever, &c. (Msb.) And أَكْفَرَ فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ Such a one compelled his companion by evil treatment to become disobedient after he had been obedient. (Mgh.) And أَكْفَرَ الرَّجُلُ مُطِيعَهُ The man compelled him who had obeyed him to disobey him: (T, TA:) or he made him to be under a necessity to disobey him. (TA.) -A2- اكفر He (a man, TA) kept, or confined himself, to the كَفْر , (K,) i. e. قَرْيَة [ town or village ]; (TA;) as also . (IAar, K.)

5 تكفّر بِالسِّلَاحِ ذ He covered himself with the arms. And تكفّر بِالثَّوْبِ He enveloped himself entirely with the garment. (A.)